Winged helix forkhead transcription factor 2 (FOXL2) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells by regulating the transcription of target genes, which is a key factor for ovarian differentiation and function maintenance. FOXL2 repels SOX9, Sertoli cells inhibit the transcription of SOX9 gene to prevent the transdifferentiation of the ovary to the testis, FOXL2 can also participate in the physiological regulation of endometrial tissue. Mutation of FOXL2 can cause small eyelid syndrome (BPES) and premature ovarian failure, so FOXL2 can be used as an important indicator of the prognosis and tumor progression of ovarian granulosa cell tumor, and it is also a specific marker of ovarian sex cord stromal tumor (SCST).
